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. 2021 Apr 29;26(9):2615. doi: 10.3390/molecules26092615

Table 3.

Main differences between 2D and 3D cultures.

Advantages and Disadvantages 2D Culture 3D Culture
Chemical gradient formation +
Physiological architecture +
3D cell migration/interaction +
Drug resistance +
In vivo-like gene expression −/+ +
Protocol standardization +
Reproducibility + +/−
Comparison in scientific literature + +/−