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. 2021 Apr 29;22(9):4709. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094709

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The integration of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plant immunity. In response to pathogens, an induced defense response is turned on by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-mediated PTI (indicated by black arrows) and nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat-containing receptors (NLRs)-mediated ETI (indicated by blue arrows). Recent reports indicate that there is substantial crosstalk between PTI and ETI (indicated by red arrows). ETI functions through PTI components and potentiates PTI signaling. Synergistically, PTI also enhances the ETI response. The cooperation of PTI and ETI mutually contributes to plant innate immunity.