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. 2021 May 6;22(9):4924. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094924

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of paeonolide (PALI) on the osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. (A,B) Pre-osteoblasts were treated with the indicated concentrations of PALI during osteogenic supplement medium (OS)-induced osteoblast differentiation for seven days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was analyzed under a scanner (upper) and a colorimetric detector (bottom) (A), and ALP-positive cells were visualized using a light microscope (B). Scale bar: 50 μm. (C,D) The mineralized nodule formation was examined using Alizarin red S (ARS) staining at 14 days. The ARS staining was analyzed using a scanner (upper) and a colorimetric detector (bottom) (C), and the mineralization nodules were visualized using a light microscope (D). Scale bar: 100 μm. Data are representative of the results of three independent experiments and values are expressed as mean ± SEM.