Table 2.
Associations between HR-HPV prevalence and study characteristics.
| Characteristics | Number of Studies | Total WLHIV in the Studies | Number of WLHIV with HR-HPV Results | Pooled Mean or Proportion (95CI) | Univariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp(β) | 95CI | p Value | |||||
| Age (years) per year increment | 16 | 4363 | 32 (28–36) | 0.99 | [0.99–1.00] | 0.052 | |
| Under ART | 19 | 5756 | 3958 | 66.3% (56.2–75%) | 0.93 | [0.81–1.07] | 0.349 |
| Undetectable viral load | 6 | 1667 | 1163 | 62.6% (36.5–83%) | 1.06 | [0.77–1.45] | 0.736 |
| CD4 when tested for HPV (cells/mm3) | 10 | 2353 | 448.6 (388.4–508.8) | 1.00 | [0.99–1.00] | 0.731 | |
| Smokers | 9 | 3449 | 610 | 21.5% (15.8–28.6%) | 1.12 | [0.92–1.34] | 0.332 |
| Sex workers | 4 | 772 | 76 | 8.9% (5–15.5%) | 0.99 | [0.10–9.43] | 0.993 |
| Consistent condom use | 8 | 1892 | 1130 | 61.3% (48.5–72.7%) | 1.26 | [0.89–1.77] | 0.243 |
| At least one pregnancy | 9 | 3942 | 3375 | 82.5% (66.3–91.9%) | 0.95 | [0.73–1.25] | 0.741 |
| At least primary education | 12 | 4785 | 3716 | 78.2% (68.1–85.7%) | 1,17 | [0.87–1.59] | 0.326 |
WLHIV: women living with HIV; HR-HPV: high-risk human papillomavirus; CI: confidence interval; ART: antiretroviral therapy; Consistent condom use: always or most of the time.