. 2021 Apr 27;21(9):3058. doi: 10.3390/s21093058

Table 1.

Summary of the performances for considered LOCs. Type and volume of starting biological sample, on- or off-chip lysis, NA extraction yield, principles, and total time (including pre-processing, when declared).

Sample Type	Sample Volume	Process Time	Lysis	NA Yield/Limits of Detection (in Eluted Volume)	Extraction Matrix and Motion Principles	Ref
Whole blood	200 µL	30 min	On	Total NA, ∼10⁵ DNA copies (in 100 µL)	Silica-coated magnetic beads, magnetic and centrifugal-driven	[28]
Whole blood	1 µL	7–8 min	On	Genomic DNA, 21.8 ± 2.3 ng/µL	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[29]
Whole blood	0.1–100 µL	1 min	Off	Human mRNA Yield n.a.	Oligo-dT magnetic beads, lateral magnetophoresis	[30]
Whole blood	10 µL	<20 min	On	Genomic DNA, 39.7 ng/µL (in 60 µL)	Porous silicon wafer, pressure-driven	[31]
Whole blood	1 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Isotachophoresis, electrokinetic-driven	[32]
Whole blood	50 µL	<60 min	Off	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Silica micropillars, pressure-driven	[33]
Whole blood	5.4 µL	<30 min	On	Pathogen DNA, ∼30 ng/µL (in 25 µL)	Magnetic beads, magnetic-driven	[34]
Whole blood	200 µL	20 min	On	Genomic DNA, 33.26 ± 2.5 ng/µL (in 5 µL)	Antibody-coated magnetic beads, pressure-driven	[35]
Whole blood	300 µL	27 min	On	Genomic DNA, 54.3 ng/µL (in 200 µL)	Glass fiber filter, centrifugal-driven	[36]
Whole blood	20 µL	<10 min	Off	Genomic DNA, 38.8 ng/µL (in 25 µL)	Aluminium oxide membrane, pressure-driven	[37]
Whole blood	10 µL	n.a.	Off	Genomic DNA, 24 ± 0.2 ng/µL (in 2 µL)	Surface packed with silica beads + TMOS monolith, pressure-driven	[38]
Whole blood	1 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA, 10 ng/µL (in 70 µL)	Silica monolith, pressure-driven	[39]
Whole blood	100 µL	23 min	Off	Pathogen RNA, LoD 10³–10⁶ copies/mL (in 100 µL)	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[40]
Whole blood	100 µL	12 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Antibody-coated magnetic beads, magnetic and centrifugal-driven	[41]
Whole blood	0.09 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Magnetic beads, electrokinetic-driven	[22]
Whole blood	5 µL	50 min	On	Genomic DNA, 35.7 ng/µL (in 35 µL)	Porous silicon wafer, pressure-driven	[42]
Whole blood	4 µL	9–30 min	Off	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[25]
Whole blood	10 µL	<30 min	Off	Genomic DNA, ∼9.8 ng (in 70 µL)	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[43]
Whole blood	4 µL	<10 min	Off	Total DNA Yield n.a.	Surface packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[44]
Whole blood	5 µL	10 min	Off	Genomic DNA, 48.7 ng (in 28 µL)	Chitosan-coated surface, pressure-driven	[45]
Whole blood	0.5 µL	20 min	On	Genomic DNA, 19.3 ± 4.9 ng/µL (in 100 µL)	Chitosan-coated glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[46]
Whole blood	n.a.	<5 min	Off	Total RNA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[47]
Whole blood	50 µL	1 min	Off	Human mRNA Yield n.a.	Oligo-dT magnetic beads, magnetic-driven	[48]
Whole blood	1 µL	40 min	Off	Genomic DNA, 8 ng/µL	Magnetic beads, magnetic-driven	[49]
Whole blood	5 µL	5 min	On	Pathogen NA, 16–35 ng/µL (in 20 µL)	Magnetic beads, magnetic-driven	[50]
Whole blood	4 mL	<15 min	On	cfDNA Yield n.a.	Silica-coated magnetic beads, centrifugal-driven	[51]
Whole blood	2 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	DMA and APTES-coated surface, pressure-driven	[52]
Whole blood	10 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen DNA, LoD 100 CFU/mL	Glass fiber filter, centrifugal-driven	[53]
Whole blood	500 µL	15 min	On	Pathogen DNA, 100 copies/mL	Magnetic beads, magnetic and centrifugal-driven	[54]
Whole blood	30 µL	2 min	On	Pathogen DNA, 10.000 copies/mL	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[55]
Whole blood	20 µL	3 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[56]
Whole blood	25–100 µL	20 min	Off	Total RNA, ∼250–450 ng (in 10 µL)	Magnetic beads, electrokinetic-driven	[57]
Plasma	140 µL	<30 min	On	Total NA, ∼40 ng/µL (in 20 µL)	DMP and APTES-coated surface, pressure-driven	[58]
Plasma	500 µL	15 min	/	cfDNA, 10–100 ng/µL	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[59]
Serum	30 µL	2 min	On	Pathogen DNA, 10.000 copies/mL	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[55]
Serum	200 µL	<10 min	On	Pathogen DNA, LoD 8 copies/reaction	Silica-coated magnetic beads, centrifugal-driven	[60]
Serum	50 µL	1 min	On	Pathogen NA, LoD 1000 copies/mL	Magnetic beads, magnetic and pressure-driven	[61]
Serum	n.a.	30 min	Off	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Poly-DMAMS-coated surface, chemical adsorption	[62]
Serum	100 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Magnetic beads, automatic pipetting	[63]
Serum	200 µL	30 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Silica-coated magnetic beads, magnetic and centrifugal-driven	[64]
Serum	0.4 µL	<1 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Carboxyl magnetic beads, magnetic-driven	[23]
Buccal sample	500 µL	7–8 min	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[29]
Buccal sample	20 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA, 4.03 ± 0.6 ng/µL	Silica-based monolith, electrokinetic-driven	[65]
Buccal sample	100 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen NA, LoD 10³ cells-virions/mL	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[66]
Buccal sample	100 µL	10 min	On	Genomic DNA, 50.45 ng/µL (in 125 µL)	Silica-coated magnetic beads, pressure-driven	[67]
Buccal sample	10 µL	9–30 min	Off	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[25]
Buccal sample	20 µL	3 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[56]
Buccal sample	100 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Magnetic beads, automatic pipetting	[63]
Nasal sample	30 µL	2 min	On	Pathogen DNA, 10.000 copies/mL	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[55]
Nasal sample	50 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen DNA, LoD 1000 CFU/mL	Glass fiber filter, centrifugal-driven	[53]
Nasal sample	1 mL	<20 min	On	Pathogen DNA, LoD ∼61 CFU/mL	Surface packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[68]
Nasal sample	100 µL	n.a.	Off	Pathogen RNA, LoD 10³ copies/mL	Silica-based monolith, pressure-driven	[69]
Nasal sample	30 µL	15 min	Off	Pathogen RNA Yield n.a.	Silica-coated magnetic beads, powerless magnetic-driven	[70]
Nasal sample	500 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen RNA Yield n.a.	Silica-coated magnetic beads, magnetic and centrifugal-driven	[71]
Nasal sample	8 µL	<10 min	Off	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Surface packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[44]
Nasal sample	10 µL	9–30 min	Off	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[25]
Nasal sample	100 µL	n.a.	On	Pathogen NA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, pressure-driven	[72]
Stools	200 mg	<40 min	On	Pathogen NA, 46.4 ng/µL of RNA (in 200 µL) 68.4 ng/µL of DNA (in 200 µL)	Magnetic beads, pressure-driven	[27]
Stools	400 µL	7 min	On	Pathogen DNA, 59.3 ng/µL (in 10 µL)	Silica-coated magnetic particles, electromagnetic-driven	[73]
Stools	180–220 mg	45 min	Off	Pathogen DNA, LoD 0.125 pg	Porous polymer monolith, pressure-driven	[74]
Urine	50 µL	10 min	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	DMA and APTES-coated surface, pressure-driven	[26]
Urine	10 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	DMA and APTES-coated surface, pressure-driven	[52]
Urine	20 µL	3 min	On	Pathogen DNA Yield n.a.	Glass fiber filter, capillary absorption	[56]
Urine	100 µL	<40 min	On	Pathogen DNA, LoD∼10 CFU/mL	Porous polymer monolith packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[75]
Semen	2 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic NA Yield n.a.	Surface packed with beads (silica + chitosan-coated silica), pressure-driven	[9]
Semen	4 µL	16 min	Off	Total RNA Yield n.a.	Surface packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[10]
Semen	1 µL	n.a.	On	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[24]
Semen	5 µL	9–30 min	Off	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[25]
Semen	1.5 µL	17 min	Off	Genomic DNA, 17 ng (in 15 µL)	Surface packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[76]
Spinal Fluid	40 µL	<30 min	Off	Genomic DNA Yield n.a.	Sol-gel packed with silica beads, pressure-driven	[43]