| HOS | Higher-order structure |
| HOS by NMR | higher-order structure by nuclear magnetic resonance |
| FTIR | Fourier transform infrared |
| NUV-CD | near-ultraviolet circular dichroism |
| FLD | intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| ppm | parts per million |
| mAb | monoclonal antibody |
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