Figure 3.

Associations of molecular features with the anatomical location of CRC. Simplified schematic representation of the proximal (caecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon) and distal colon (descending colon; sigmoid colon). Tumors in the proximal colon are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), the consensus molecular subtype (CMS; CMS1), and mutations in BRAF. CRCs of the distal colon are characterized by chromosomal instability (CIN) and CMS2, and often display mutations in p53, KRAS, and APC.