Table 3.
Chemical composition of the overall blend of VOCs emitted after a 12 mm cut was made into the leaf lamina. Values are expressed as percentage contribution to the total emissions, and in pmol mm−1 in the summary per VOC classes. More emission peak information is found in Table 2.
| Compound Name | Molecular Formula | Abelmoschus esculentus | Amaranthus cruentus | Amaranthus hybridus | Solanum aethiopicum | Telfairia occidentalis | Mean ± SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lightweight oxygenated compounds (LOCs) | 49 ± 6 pmol mm−1 |
9.9 ± 2.1 pmol mm−1 |
24.4 ± 3.6 pmol mm−1 |
23 ± 5 pmol mm−1 |
36 ± 7 pmol mm−1 |
29 ± 7 pmol mm−1 |
|
| Formaldehyde | CH2O | 1.2% | 5.0% | 1.9% | 2.2% | 1.2% | 2.3 ± 0.7% |
| Methanol | CH4O | 74% | 17% | 35% | 33% | 43% | 40 ± 9% |
| Acetaldehyde | C2H4O | 5% | 20% | 9% | 11% | 11% | 11.0 ± 2.5% |
| Formic acid | CH2O2 | 3.2% | 11% | 6% | 7% | 4.1% | 6.1 ± 1.3% |
| Ethanol | C2H6O | 1.3% | 3.7% | 1.7% | 4.9% | 1.5% | 2.6 ± 0.7% |
| Acetone | C3H6O | 4.1% | 5.0% | 4.8% | 5.0% | 4.9% | 4.74 ± 0.15% |
| Acetic acid | C2H4O2 | 1.4% | 4.7% | 2.9% | 4.0% | 1.4% | 2.9 ± 0.7% |
| Total | 90% | 66% | 61% | 67% | 66% | 70 ± 5% | |
| Lipoxygenase pathway products (LOX products) | 5.0 ± 1.7 pmol mm−1 |
4.7 ± 0.8 pmol mm−1 |
15.3 ± 2.1 pmol mm−1 |
10.9 ± 1.1 pmol mm−1 |
17.6 ± 2.1 pmol mm−1 |
10.7 ± 2.6 pmol mm−1 |
|
| Pentenal + 3-penten-2-one | C5H8O | 0.37% | 2.8% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.0% | 1.49 ± 0.41% |
| Pentanal + 2-pentanone | C5H10O | 0.46% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 1.02 ± 0.26% |
| Hexenal | C6H10O | 8% | 25% | 33% | 28% | 29% | 24.5 ± 4.4% |
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol + hexanal | C6H12O | 0.38% | 1.3% | 2.8% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 1.29 ± 0.40% |
| (E)-1-hexanol | C6H14O | 0.10% | 0.32% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.10% | 0.154 ± 0.042% |
| Hexyl acetate | C8H16O2 | 0.07% | 0.27% | 0.08% | 0.10% | 0.07% | 0.116 ± 0.038% |
| Total | 9% | 31% | 38% | 32% | 32% | 29 ± 5% | |
| Benzenoids and jasmonates | 0.139 ± 0.016 pmol mm−1 |
0.165 ± 0.018 pmol mm−1 |
0.151 ± 0.008 pmol mm−1 |
0.164 ± 0.017 pmol mm−1 |
0.145 ± 0.009 pmol mm−1 |
0.153 ± 0.005 pmol mm−1 |
|
| Methyl benzoate | C8H8O2 | 0.11% | 0.53% | 0.15% | 0.22% | 0.11% | 0.22 ± 0.08% |
| Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 | 0.05% | 0.22% | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.06% | 0.110 ± 0.029% |
| Jasmonic acid | C12H18O3 | 0.048% | 0.15% | 0.06% | 0.07% | 0.045% | 0.074 ± 0.019% |
| Methyl jasmonate | C13H20O3 | 0.048% | 0.19% | 0.06% | 0.07% | 0.05% | 0.085 ± 0.027% |
| Total | 0.25% | 1.1% | 0.38% | 0.47% | 0.27% | 0.49 ± 0.15% | |
| Geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway | 0.089 ± 0.008 pmol mm−1 |
0.084 ± 0.014 pmol mm−1 |
0.124 ± 0.022 pmol mm−1 |
0.124 ± 0.012 pmol mm−1 |
0.089 ± 0.009 pmol mm−1 |
0.102 ± 0.009 pmol mm−1 |
|
| 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | C8H14O2 | 0.16% | 0.55% | 0.31% | 0.36% | 0.16% | 0.31 ± 0.7% |
| Isoprenoids | 0.41 ± 0.18 pmol mm−1 |
0.266 ± 0.032 pmol mm−1 |
0.297 ± 0.029 pmol mm−1 |
0.249 ± 0.041 pmol mm−1 |
0.48 ± 0.10 pmol mm−1 |
0.341 ± 0.045 pmol mm−1 |
|
| Non-oxygenated monoterpenes (a) | C10H16 | 0.46% | 0.6% | 0.23% | 0.19% | 0.6% | 0.41 ± 0.09% |
| DMNT | C11H18 | 0.07% | 0.28% | 0.10% | 0.15% | 0.07% | 0.136 ± 0.039% |
| Oxygenated monoterpenes (a) | C10H18O | 0.10% | 0.32% | 0.22% | 0.15% | 0.09% | 0.176 ± 0.044% |
| Sesquiterpenes (a) | C15H24 | 0.07% | 0.31% | 0.08% | 0.11% | 0.08% | 0.130 ± 0.046% |
| TMTT | C16H26 | 0.06% | 0.23% | 0.10% | 0.11% | 0.07% | 0.114 ± 0.030% |
| Total | 0.75% | 1.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.97 ± 0.20% | |
(a) GC-MS analysis revealed the compound structures composing these ion masses (Table S1, Supplementary Material).