Table 1.

Astaxanthin sources in nature and its configurational isomers.

Astaxanthin Source	Configurational Isomer [%]			References
	3S, 3′S	3R, 3′R	Meso Form
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (yeast)	-	100	-	[42]
Hematococcus pluvialis (algae)	100	-	-	[43]
Petels of Adonis spp.	100	-	-	[44,45]
Crustacyanine (lobster)	33	39	28	[39]
Pandalus borealis (shrimp)	12–25	-	50–53	[39]
Atlantic/Pacific salmon	78–85	12–17	2–6	[39]