Figure 2.
Separation and identification of EVs from urine using a microfluidic system with integrated double-filtration. (A) Illustration of a microfluidic system with double filtration. (B) Schematic of a completed double-filtration process. (C) Description of an on-chip direct ELISA for EV identification. (D) A smartphone that is used, to photograph the ELISA result, and then transported to a laptop for data processing using ImageJ [109].