| ATF2 | activating transcription factor 2 |
| cGAMP | cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate |
| cGAS | cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GMP–AMP) synthase |
| CHIKV | Chikungunya virus |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| DENV2 | Dengue virus |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor |
| HMGB1 | high mobility group box protein 1 |
| IAV | influenza A virus |
| IFN | interferon |
| IFNAR | IFN-α/β receptor |
| IFNGR | interferon gamma receptor |
| IFNLR1 | interleukin 28 receptor, alpha subunit |
| IL | interleukin |
| IL10R2 | interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit |
| iOPN | intracellular osteopontin |
| IRAK | interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase |
| IRF | IFN regulatory factor |
| ISG | IFN-stimulated genes |
| ISGF3 | IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 |
| IRG | interferon responsive genes |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral signalingm |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
| MDA-5 | melanoma differentiation-associated protein |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteases |
| MyD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular traps |
| NF | nuclear factor |
| NOD | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain |
| NOX2 | NADPH oxidase isoform 2 |
| PAMPs | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| pDCs | plasmacytoid dendritic cells |
| PRR | pattern recognition receptors |
| RIG-I | retinoic acid-inducible gene |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| SINV | Sindbis virus |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| STING | stimulator of interferon genes |
| Th1 | T helper 1 |
| TIR | Toll/interleukin-1 receptor |
| TIRAP | Toll interleukin-1 receptor-associated protein |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TRAF | TNF receptor associated factor 3 |
| TRAM | TRIF-related adaptor molecule |
| TREM-1 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 |
| TRIF | TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β |
| VSV | vesicular stomatitis virus |
| ZIKV | Zika virus |