Figure 1.

Impact of epigenetic mechanisms regulating neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. The neuroinflammation cycle is activated on DA neuron damage, which triggers epigenetic modifications and disturbs the normal function of inflammatory responses. Epigenetic regulators are divided into two categories: neurotoxic and neuroprotective. Neurotoxic epigenetic regulators enhance inflammatory factors and ROS production, transform glial cells to an inflammatory phenotype, and promote dopaminergic neuron death. In contrast, neuroprotective epigenetic regulators display therapeutic characteristics and inhibit neuroinflammation by alleviating DA neuronal damage in Parkinson’s disease.