Table 2.
E3 ligases with unidentified targets that are known to regulate ABA responses. The original references are provided next to the E3 ligase; however, this table is a compilation of the tables from several earlier reviews [6,7,12,99,100], as well as new data that were not previously reviewed.
| E3 Family | E3 Ligase [Reference] | Influence on ABA Response/Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| RING-type | ATL61 [101] | Positive regulator in the ABA-mediated drought stress response |
| SCF | ARKP1 [102] | Positive role in ABA signaling network; mutants displaying reduced ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination, root elongation, and water loss rate of detached leaves |
| RING-type | CHYR1/RZP34 [103] | Promotes ABA-induced stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species production, and plant drought tolerance; activity is regulated by SnRK2.6 |
| RING-type | SINA2 [104] | Regulates plant responses to ABA and osmotic stress; activity is regulated by CDKG1 (cyclin-dependent kinase G1) |
| RING-type | AtPPRT1 [105,106] | Negative role in ABA and drought stress responses |
| RING-type | AtARRE/ATL27 [107] | Negative regulation in ABA signaling |
| BTB-type | BPH1 [108] | Negatively involved in ABA-mediated cellular events; mutation caused delayed seed germination in response to ABA and resulted in hyper-induction of a large portion of ABA-inducible genes in response to ABA; mutants exhibited enhanced stomatal closure under ABA application and reduced water loss |
| RING-type | JUL1 [109] | ABA-mediated microtubule disorganization; regulates stomatal closure, and tolerance to drought stress |
| RING-type | COP1 [110] | ABA-mediated microtubule disorganization, stomatal closure |
| RING-type | RDUF1/2 [111] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| RING-type | RHA2a/2b [112,113] | Positively regulates ABA signaling |
| RING-type | AIRP4 [114] | Positively regulates ABA signaling |
| SCF | TLP3/9 [115] | Positively regulates ABA signaling |
| RING-type | ATL43 [116] | Positively regulates ABA signaling |
| RING-type | CER9 [117] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| U-box | PUB9 [118] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| U-box | PUB18/19 [119,120] | Negatively regulates plant drought response and ABA signaling |
| SCF | DOR [121] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| SCF | EDL3 [122] | Positive regulator in seed germination and root growth; positively regulates ABA signaling |
| SCF | MAX2 [123] | Negatively regulates plant drought stress response through mediating ABA signaling; negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| DDB | DWA3 [124] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling; mutants exhibited ABA-hypersensitivity |
| U-box | PUB44/SAUL1 [125] | Negatively regulates ABA signaling |
| RING-type | XERICO [126] | Positively regulates ABA-dependent drought response; overexpression leads to ABA over-accumulation |
| SCF | FOF2 [127] | Plays an important negative role in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling development, as well as a positive role in ABA-mediated drought tolerance |