Table 2.
Characteristics of the singleton females in the Raine Study who were (n = 462) and were not (n = 880) included in the present analysis.
| Included in Study | Not Included in Study | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Maternal Serum Phthalate Levels and Outcome Data Available) n = 462 | (Maternal Serum Phthalate Levels or Outcome Data Unavailable) n = 880 | ||||
| N | Median (IQR) or N(%) | N | Median (IQR) or N(%) | p-Value a | |
| Participants’ characteristics at 20 years | |||||
| Age at 20 years follow up (years) | 194 | 20.1 (19.7–20.4) | 427 | 19.9 (19.7–20.2) | 0.007 |
| Age at DEXA scan | 165 | 20.1 (19.7–20.4) | 387 | 19.9 (19.7–20.2) | 0.011 |
| Height at 20 years follow up (m) | 188 | 1.7 (1.6–1.7) | 419 | 1.7 (1.6–1.7) | 0.574 |
| Weight at 20 years follow up (kg) | 188 | 64.0 (56.6–71.8) | 419 | 64.8 (57.2–73.5) | 0.630 |
| Age at menarche b | 253 | 12.9 (12.0–13.6) | 515 | 12.7 (12.0–13.4) | 0.173 |
| BMI at 20 years follow up (kg/m2) | 188 | 22.8 (20.5–26.3) | 419 | 23.1 (21.1–26.3) | 0.322 |
| BMI category | 188 | 419 | 0.806 | ||
| Underweight | 12 (6.4) | 21 (5.0) | |||
| Normal | 118 (62.8) | 256 (61.1) | |||
| Overweight | 32 (17.0) | 82 (19.6) | |||
| Obese | 26 (13.8) | 60 (14.3) | |||
| Adiposity (DEXA) at 20 yrs | |||||
| Soft tissue percentage | 165 | 41 (34–48) | 387 | 40 (35–47) | 0.895 |
| Total fat percentage | 165 | 39 (33–46) | 387 | 39 (33–45) | 0.837 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 165 | 24.4 (18.1–32.2) | 387 | 24.8 (19.4–32.4) | 0.521 |
| Total lean mass (kg) | 165 | 36.0 (32.7–39.6) | 387 | 36.7 (33.6–40) | 0.245 |
| Total soft tissue mass (kg) | 165 | 61.2 (54.8–67.4) | 387 | 62.1 (55.1–69.9) | 0.421 |
| Maternal characteristics in pregnancy | |||||
| Maternal age at delivery | 462 | 28.1 (23.9–32.1) | 875 | 28 (23.3–32.2) | 0.788 |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 462 | 131 (28.3) | 875 | 245 (28.0) | 0.891 |
| Drunk alcohol during first trimester | 462 | 202 (43.7) | 875 | 395 (45.1) | 0.619 |
| Maternal height (m) | 456 | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | 870 | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | 0.246 |
| Maternal BMI (pre-pregnancy) | 456 | 21.2 (19.6–23.8) | 870 | 21.3 (19.7–23.6) | 0.642 |
| Maternal BMI category | 456 | 870 | 0.515 | ||
| Underweight | 64 (14.0) | 98 (11.3) | |||
| Normal | 307 (67.3) | 612 (70.3) | |||
| Overweight | 54 (11.8) | 101 (11.6) | |||
| Obese | 31 (6.8) | 59 (6.8) | |||
| Maternal education since leaving school | 462 | 880 | 0.821 | ||
| Missing | 6 (1.3) | 10 (1.1) | |||
| None | 230 (49.8) | 446 (50.7) | |||
| Trade | 181 (39.2) | 332 (37.7) | |||
| University | 45 (9.7) | 92 (10.5) | |||
| Maternal Race | 462 | 880 | 0.055 | ||
| Caucasian | 403 (87.2) | 763 (86.7) | |||
| Chinese | 30 (6.5) | 35 (4.0) | |||
| Indian | 10 (2.2) | 33 (3.8) | |||
| Other | 19 (4.1) | 49 (5.6) | |||
| Marital Status | 462 | 880 | 0.699 | ||
| Married or de facto | 384 (83.1) | 724 (82.3) | |||
| Not married or de facto | 78 (16.9) | 156 (17.7) | |||
| Participants characteristics at birth | |||||
| Gestational age at birth | 462 | 880 | 0.188 | ||
| <34 weeks | 13 (2.8) | 20 (2.3) | |||
| 34–36 weeks | 33 (7.1) | 43 (4.9) | |||
| 37 + weeks | 416 (90.0) | 817 (92.8) | |||
| Birthweight (kg) | 462 | 3.3 (2.9–3.6) | 880 | 3.3 (3.0–3.6) | 0.308 |
| Adjusted birthweight percentile | 462 | 880 | 0.999 | ||
| ≤3rd | 14 (3.0) | 26 (3.0) | |||
| 4th–10th | 37 (8.0) | 70 (8.0) | |||
| 11th–49th | 169 (36.6) | 321 (36.5) | |||
| 50th–89th | 189 (40.9) | 360 (40.9) | |||
| ≥90th | 53 (11.5) | 103 (11.7) | |||
| Expected birthweight ratio | 462 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 878 | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.768 |
a Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare continuous outcomes, and chi-square tests for categorical outcomes. b Exact date or month of menarche was available for 255 singleton girls with phthalates data and 515 without. Two girls with phthalates were excluded from the analysis. One was an outlier and one had inconsistently coded data.