Table 2.
Interaction between twin pregnancies and glycaemic status on adverse perinatal outcomes.
| Twins vs. Singleton | Gestational Diabetes | Pre-Existing Diabetes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B Coefficient Normoglycaemic Pregnancies p Value |
OR Twins vs. Singleton p Value |
B Coefficient Singleton Pregnancies p Value |
OR GDM vs. Non-DM (Singleton) p Value |
OR GDM vs. Non-DM (Twins) p Value |
Interaction GDM and Twins B Coefficient p Value |
Beta Coefficient Singleton Pregnancies p Value |
OR Pre-Existing DM vs. Non-DM (Singleton) p Value |
OR Pre-Existing DM vs. Non-DM (Twins) p Value |
Interaction Pre-Existing DM and Twins B Coefficient p Value |
|
| Pre-eclampsia | 1.68 p < 0.001 |
5.38 (5.04–5.74) p < 0.001 |
0.532 p < 0.001 |
1.70 (1.59–1.82) p < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.17–1.74) p < 0.001 | −0.12 p = 0.275 |
1.37 p < 0.001 |
3.95 (3.44–4.51) p < 0.001 |
2.04 (1.12–3.72) p = 0.020 | −0.63 p = 0.045 |
| Preterm birth | 2.82 p < 0.001 |
16.8 (16.26–17.43) p < 0.001 |
0.18 p < 0.001 |
1.20 (1.15–1.25) p < 0.001 | 1.06 (0.94–1.21) p = 0.327 |
−0.15 p = 0.028 |
1.15 p < 0.001 |
3.17 (2.91-–3.44) p < 0.001 |
2.15 (1.33–3.48) p = 0.002 | −0.429 p = 0.085 |
| Caesarean section | 1.73 p < 0.001 |
5.64 (5.44–5.84) p < 0.001 |
0.086 p < 0.001 |
1.09 (1.06–1.12) p < 0.001 | 0.82 (0.71–0.93) p = 0.002 | −0.30 p < 0.001 |
0.791 p < 0.001 |
2.20 (2.07–2.35) p < 0.001 |
1.20 (0.73–1.97) p = 0.468 | −0.621 p = 0.015 |
| Stillbirth | 1.92 p < 0.001 |
6.85 (6.21–7.57) p < 0.001 |
−0.305 p = 0.001 |
0.74 (0.62–0.88) p < 0.001 |
0.76 (0.51–1.14) p = 0.189 | −0.025 p = 0.912 |
0.73 p < 0.001 |
2.08 (1.52–2.83) p < 0.001 |
0.77 (0.18–3.31) p = 0.712 | −1.072 p = 0.145 |
| Macrosomia | −4.406 p = 0.012 |
0.012 (0.008–0.019) p < 0.001 |
0.414 p < 0.001 |
1.51 (1.45–1.57) p < 0.001 |
0.595 (0.08–4.43) p = 0.612 |
−0.905 p = 0.376 |
0.99 p < 0.001 |
2.68 (2.45–2.94) p < 0.001 | 0 p = 0.966 |
−15.037 p = 0.996 |
| LGA | −0.14 p < 0.001 |
0.87 (0.84–0.90) p < 0.001 |
0.43 p < 0.001 |
1.53 (1.49–1.58) p < 0.001 | 1.12 (0.98–1.28) p = 0.09 | −0.302 p < 0.001 |
1.31 p < 0.001 |
3.69 (3.46–3.95) p < 0.001 |
1.98 (1.35–2.91) p = 0.001 | −0.610 p = 0.002 |
| SGA | −0.07 p = 0.001 |
0.93 (0.89–0.97) p < 0.001 |
−0.137 p < 0.001 |
0.87 (0.83–0.91) p < 0.001 | 1.15 (0.99–1.34) p = 0.078 | 0.27 p = 0.001 |
−0.55 p < 0.001 |
0.58 (0.50–0.60) p < 0.001 |
0.58 (0.28–1.19) p = 0.134 |
−0.01 p = 0.98 |
GDM, gestational diabetes; Non-DM, non-diabetic; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age. OR were adjusted for maternal age, chronic hypertension, dyslipidaemia, year of delivery and smoking status.