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Proposed model of HO-1 in PDAC. Chemotherapy: NPG induces HO-1 in PDAC tissue. HO-1 provides the antioxidant environment that scavenges ROS, inhibits inflammation, and reduces the apoptosis which favors tumor growth. Induced HO-1 also increases TAM infiltration, FoxP3 expression, and IL-10 production, creating an immunosuppressive TME. Inhibiting HO-1 reverses these effects and reduces the immunosuppressive TME. (Figure was created using BioRender.com).
