Table 2.
Comparison of the adipokines expression in melanoma. Abbreviations: + detected expression, ↑ overexpression, ↓ decreased expression.
| Molecule | Expression in Melanoma | Level under Obesity | Importance in Melanoma |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin | ↑ [109] | ↑ [39] | enhanced level increases the melanoma risk [111], positive correlation between serum leptin level and melanoma metastases to sentinel lymph nodes [113], |
| Resistin | no data | ↑ [47,48,49] | no data |
| Visfatin | ↑ [114,115] | ↓ [54,55,56] | enable a distinction of melanoma from nevi or normal skin [116,117], patients with higher levels live shorter lives [115,118], positive correlation with markers of tumor mass [118] elevated expression in vertical growth phase melanoma and in metastases [114] |
| Osteopontin | ↑ [119,120] | ↑ [59,61] | higher expression in malignant than primary melanoma [121] negative correlation with patient survival and clinical outcomes in primary melanoma patients [122], prognostic marker of survival, the risk of recurrence and lymph node metastases [123], positive correlation with melanoma stage (tumor thickness, Clark’s level and mitotic index) [122,123,124,125], prognostic marker of metastatic-free and overall survival [126], positive correlation with metastases [127] into the liver [128], higher levels in invasive and metastatic melanoma compared to benign and dysplastic moles [120], |
| Adiponectin | no data | ↑ [66] | low serum level may promote growth and more aggressive clinical course of uveal melanoma [129], low serum level improves the metastatic potential of the uveal melanoma with monosomy-3 [130] |
| Nesfatin-1 | no data | ↑ [71,72,73] | no data |
| Chemerin | ↓ [131] | ↑ [62,75] | high expression in melanoma correlates with enhanced outcome [131] |
| Apelin | + [132] | ↑ [56,79] | no data |
| CCL2 | no data | ↑ [71,72,73] | no data |
| CCL5 | + [133] | ↑ [83,85] | no data |
| IL-32 | + [134] | ↑ [71,72] | no data |
| IL-6 | + [119,135] | no data | higher serum level is connected with shorter overall patients’ survival [136] |
| LIF | ↑ [137] | ↑ [72] | elevated expression in melanoma with lymph node metastasis [138] |
| TNFα | + [119,133,135] | ↑ [99,100] | no data |
| PAI-1 | ↑ [138] | ↑ [106] | no data |