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. 2021 May 15;20:100. doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01587-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Improvement of CP production by optimizing culture medium and culture conditions. a Molecular structure of CP. The characterized 3,10-dihydroxy-4,9-perylenequinone chromophore core structure was labelled in blue. b Influence of culture time on CP production. d = day. c pH optimization of S-7 medium. d Optimization of culture temperature. e Selection of carbon source in S-7 medium. f Screening of nitrogen source in S-7 medium (cardamom: cardamom powder, ammonia: ammonia sulfate, nd: no detected). ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01 versus control (carbon/nitrogen source in traditional S-7 medium)