Table 1.

Standard medication treatment for both groups based on GOLD 2019 guidelines and Vietnam Ministry of Health recommendations

Items	COPD GOLD 2019 group B	COPD GOLD 2019 group C	COPD GOLD 2019 group D
Initial treatment	A long acting bronchodilator (LABA or LAMA)	LAMA	LAMA
Difficulty in breathing (moderate)	LAMA +LABA	LAMA +LABA Or LAMA +ICS	LAMA +LABA ICS/LABA use when: Asthma COPD overlap. Eosinophils >300/uL.
Difficulty in breathing (Severe)	LAMA+LABA	LAMA +LABA Or LAMA +ICS	LAMA+LABA+ICS
Name of Drugs use in Standard COPD Medication Treatment for both groups
SABA	Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Fenoterol
LABA	Indacaterol, Bambuterol
SAMA	Ipratropium
LAMA	Tiotropium
SABA+SAMA	Ipratropium and salbutamol Ipratropium and fenoterol
LABA+LAMA	Indacaterol and Glycopyronium Olodaterol and Tiotropium Vilanterol and Umeclidinium
ICS +LABA	Budesonid and Formoterol Fluticason and Vilanterol Fluticason and Salmeterol
Antibiotics	Erythromycin Rofumilast*
Long/short-acting Xanthine	Theophyllin/Theostat

*Roflumilast was used only when patients’ FEV1 <50% and had at least 1 admission within 1 year.

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ISC, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; SAMA, Short-acting muscarinic antagonist.