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. 2021 May 3;12:671073. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671073

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Copyright © 2021 Maretti-Mira, Golden-Mason, Salomon, Kaplan and Rosen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The degree of cholesterol oxidation drives transcriptomic changes in human M2-like macrophages. (A) The volcano plots display the changes in the M2-like macrophages gene expression after 24 hours of LDL-stimulation compared to cells stimulated by PBS (n=5). Three types of LDL were used: non-oxidized (native), medium oxidized (MoxLDL), and highly oxidized (HoxLDL). The transcriptomic changes increase according to the degree of LDL oxidation. (B) The principal component analysis confirms the significance of transcriptomic changes induced by LDL oxidation. Ellipses indicate the confidence interval of groups. Axis percentages indicate variance contribution. (C) The Venn Diagram shows the overlapping genes in each group. Only 8 genes are commonly induced by LDL regardless of the oxidation degree, while 152 genes are stimulated due to LDL oxidation. The table shows the amount of upregulated and downregulated genes in the groups. (D) The common genes expressed due to LDL exposure are all upregulated and are related to cell survival, endoplasmic reticulum stability, response to insulin, and autophagy.