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. 2021 May 3;12:671073. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671073

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Copyright © 2021 Maretti-Mira, Golden-Mason, Salomon, Kaplan and Rosen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HoxLDL inhibits human Kupffer cells’ phagocytic activity. (A) HoxLDL exposure impairs KCs phagocytic activity starting at 1h 10min (*) statistically different from to unstimulated KCs-PBS, (§) statistically different from nLDL stimulated KCs (n= 4). Two-way ANOVA test was used to detect statistical significance among time points. (B) Representative images from live-cell image assay, pHrodo red E-coli bioparticles^® become fluorescent inside the KCs’ lysosomes. Human KCs stimulated by HoxLDL image display less fluorescent-labeled cells, indicating phagocytic activity. Scale bar 200µm.