Naming. At study, participants tried to name what was depicted in each of 40 degraded, black-and-white images. Each image was followed by either the intact, matching (m) version of the same image or an intact image that did not match (nm). 1 d, 7 d, and again 5.4 mo later, participants saw the same 40 degraded images and tried to name what was depicted in each image. Percent correct naming scores are means from three iterations of this procedure using different materials. White circles show the scores for G.P., the patient with the most severe memory impairment and the largest MTL lesions. (A) CON = 11 controls. (B) MTL = 5 patients with MTL lesions. Error bars show SEM.