Table 5.

Summary of Risk Prediction Models for CRC and ACN

Author (Year)	Country	Outcome	Risk Factors	Data Source (Sample Size)	AUC
Betes 200329	Spain	ACN	Age, gender, BMI	Hospital-based (2210)	0.67
Cai 201220	China	ACN+CRC	Age, gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, green vegetables, pickled food, fried food, white meat	Hospital-based (7541)	0.74
Chen 201431	China	ACN	Age, gender, history of coronary heart disease, egg intake, defaecation frequency	Hospital-based (905)	0.75
Li 201827	China	CRC	Age, sex, education level, occupations, diarrhea, constipation, colon mucosa and bleeding, gallbladder disease, a stressful life event, family history and a qualitative FIT	Population based (891,199) considers the history of clinical symptoms and signs of bowel disease together with the FIT results	0.84
Kaminski 201432	Poland	ACN	Age, gender, BMI, smoking, number and age affected of first degree relatives with CRC	Cross-sectional analysis (35,918)	0.64
Stegeman 201433	Netherlands	ACN	Age, smoking, first degree relative with CRC, FIT, calcium intake	Population-based (6600)	0.76
Tao 201422	Germany	ACN	Age, gender, smoking, first-degree relative with CRC, alcohol, previous polyp, red meat consumption, NSAIDS, previous colonoscopy	Population-based (7891)	0.67
Tao 201422	Germany	CRC	Age, gender, smoking, first-degree relative with CRC, alcohol, previous polyp, red meat consumption, NSAIDS, previous colonoscopy	Population-based (7891)	0.71
Yeoh 201130	Asia	ACN	Age, gender, smoking, first degree relative with CRC	Hospital-based (2752)	0.66
Driver 200716	USA	CRC	Age, BMI, history of smoking, weekly or daily alcohol use	Population-based (21,581 male)	0.7
Ma 200817	Japan	CRC	Age, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol	Population-based (28,115 male)	0.7
Taylor 201118	USA	CRC	Age, first, second and third degree relatives with CRC	Population-based (431,153)	0.67
Yarnall 201319	UK	CRC	BMI, smoking, alcohol, fibre intake, red meat intake, physical activity, 14 SNPs	META	0.63
Auge 201434	Spain	ACN	Age, sex and categorized FIT results	Retrospective (3109)	0.67
Cooper 201725	UK	CRC+ ACN	Age, sex, first time invite, previous non-responder, previous responder and quantitative FIT result	Population based (40,930)	0.68
Aniwan 201523	Thailand	CRC	Age, sex, family history and smoking status as APCS risk score and a qualitative FIT	Hospital-based (948)	0.85
Aniwan 201523	Thailand	ACN	Age, sex, family history and smoking status as APCS risk score and a qualitative FIT	Hospital-based (948)	0.67
Dunlop 201321		CRC	Family history of CRC and 10 common genetic variants	Population-based (42,103)	0.56
Hsu 201524	USA and Germany	CRC	Family history of CRC and 27 common genetic variants, endoscopy history	Population-based (12,000)	0.59 for men; 0.56 for women
Ibáñez-Sanz 201726	Spain	CRC	Family history of CRC,alcohol consumption, obesity, physical activity, red meat and vegetable consumption, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, 21 SNPs	Population-based (4080)	0.63
Joen 201828	USA	CRC	Family history of CRC, 19 lifestyle and environmental factors, 63 CRC-associated SNPs	Population-based (20,338)	0.63 for men; 0.62 for women

Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; ACN, advanced colorectal neoplasm; FIT, faecal immunochemical test; NSAIDS, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use; BMI, body mass index; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; APCS, Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening Scoring System.