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. 2021 May 12;14:1901–1913. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S302929

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© 2021 Huang et al.

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Punicalagin suppressed in vitro migration of RA FLSs. (A) Chemotaxic migration of RA FLSs was evaluated using a Transwell assay. Representative images (original magnification, ×100) are shown. Graphs indicate the relative migration rates. The relative migration rate represents the number of migrated cells normalized to the control. (B) The migration of RA FLSs was analyzed using a wound-healing assay. Representative images are shown (original magnification, ×50). (C) Effect of punicalagin on the actin cytoskeleton reorganization of RA FLSs. F-actin (red) and nucleus (blue) were stained with phalloidin and DAPI, respectively. Representative images are shown (original magnification, ×100). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments involving 5 different RA patients. *P < 0.05 vs control.

Abbreviations: RA, rheumatoid arthritis; FLSs, fibroblast-like synoviocytes.