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. 2021 May 12;14:1901–1913. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S302929

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© 2021 Huang et al.

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Punicalagin inhibits TNF-α induced NF-κB pathway activation and p65 relocation. (A) RA FLSs were pre-incubated with punicalagin for 24 h and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 15 min. Phosphorylation of IKK and IκBα induced by TNF-α was analyzed by Western blot analysis. The right panel shows a densitometric analysis of Western blots. The experiment was repeated at least three times. Each bar represents mean ± SD from 6 RA patients. *P < 0.05 vs control, ^#P < 0.05 vs TNF-α. (B) Immunofluorescence staining analysis of p65 localization. RA FLSs were pre-incubated with 50μM punicalagin for 24 h and TNF-α (10ng/mL) for 15 min, fixed, and then underwent immunofluorescence assay. The cells were stained with anti-p65 (in green) and DAPI (in blue). Representative 200× images.