Effect of VEGF on the transcriptional levels of RhoGEFs in HMEC-1. A, Relative expression of the indicated human RhoGEFs in HMEC-1 cells stimulated with VEGF, 100 ng/ml for 3 h. B, Effect of VEGF on the expression of the indicated RhoGEF in HMEC-1 stimulated for 1, 3 or 12 h, or non-stimulated (0). A representative RT-PCR gel is shown for those RhoGEFs whose expression was significantly induced by VEGF. Bars represent the mean ± SEM (error bars) for n = 3 independent experiments; *p < 0.05. C, Representative gel showing the quality of RNA used for the analysis of expression of RhoGEFs in HMEC-1 endothelial cells. D, Representative gel showing the expression of actin (used as control to calibrate the cDNA used to assess expression of all the RhoGEFs indicated in A). E, Effect of VEGF on expression of HLX-1 (positive control, indicator of VEGF-dependent gene expression) in HMEC-1. F, Representative results of three independent experiments showing expression, at the protein level, of the indicated selected RhoGEFs in HMEC cells under non-stimulated conditions (T0) or stimulated with VEGF (100 ng/ml) for 3 h (T3); actin and AKT were used as loading controls.