Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 May 12:1–16. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1925267

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — Overview of mRNA vaccines mediated immune responses. The mRNA incorporated in the lipid nanoparticles are delivered to host cells by intramuscular injection. Inside the cells, mRNA is translated into antigenic proteins which is subsequently processed into peptides by the proteasomal degradation or endosomal lysis and represented by MHC molecules on the plasma membrane to mount an immune response. There are some variations within mRNA vaccine architecture based on mRNA molecules either consisting of the only the target antigen (conventional mRNA vaccines) or target antigen along with replication machinery (self-amplifying or trans-amplifying mRNA vaccines) to amplify the mRNA molecules further after entering the host cells for a longer and higher amount antigen expression.