Table 2.

The content of mindful living with challenge (MLWC) intervention

Session	Theoretical instrument	Meditation practice	Homework
1	Explanation of the 5 facets of mindfulness (i.e. describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting), and of the importance of the mindfulness practices which is a means to attention control, how can we incorporate mindfulness into daily life, previous application and scientific findings of mindfulness based interventions	Mindful eating practice, mindful breathing meditation	Participants will be asked to conduct daily life mindfulness practices and mindful breathing meditation for 5–10 min daily for 7 days a week Participants will also be asked to record and provide feedback on any difficulties and their experience during the training
2	Explanation of the brain’s mode of action and being, thoughts/emotions/body feeling Instructing participants to talk to their bodies, relieve the pain and pressure in the healing process. Recognize the pain and try to persuade themselves to accept it, and realize self-awareness in the process	Mindful body scan practice, three-minute breathing space practice	Participants will be asked to conduct mindful body scan practice, three-minute breathing space practice, and filling in pleasant/unpleasant experiences calendar for 10–15 min daily for 7 days a week respectively Participants will also be asked to record and provide feedback on any difficulties and their experience during the training
3	Introduce the scientific understanding of sleep, sleep hygiene education, and seven attitudes of practicing mindfulness	Sitting meditation (mountain meditation and mindful sleep meditation)	Participants will be asked to conduct sitting meditation and mindfulness clock for 15 min daily for 7 days a week respectively Participants will also be asked to record and provide feedback on any difficulties and their experience during the training
4	Introduce mindful living with thoughts, using the ‘STOP’ and ‘RAIN’ principle to dealing with a storm of thoughts and emotions	Mindful walking meditation, sitting meditation (lake meditation)	Participants will be asked to conduct mindfulness listening practice, mindfulness movement, and STOP/ RAIN practice for 15–20 min daily for 7 days a week respectively Participants will also be asked to record and provide feedback on any difficulties and their experience during the training
5	Introduce mindful movement for relaxing body and mind. Explanation of identification of avoidance response, allowing and letting it go	Mindful yoga practice	Participants will be asked to conduct sitting meditation for 15 min daily for 7 days a week and practice mindful yoga three times a day as appropriate Participants will also be asked to record and provide their feedback on any difficulties and their experience during the training
6	Introduce tired funnel and how to balance our daily life, mindful living with a challenge, and how to live a mindful life, live in the present	Sounding meditation; loving and kindness meditation	Participants will be asked to list nourishing/consuming activities and weave their own mindfulness parachute Participants will be encouraged to engage in various mindfulness practices on a daily basis in the future Participants will be asked to complete the post-program questionnaire and give feedback on the content, form, and organization of the intervention