Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N=741,926)
| Variable | Caregiver Support Cohorts | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Having unavailable caregiver support in ≥ 1 of the 7 domains (n=641,077, 86.4%) | Not having unavailable caregiver support in any of the 7 domains (n=100,849, 13.6%) | ||
| Age, mean (S.D.) | 82.1 (12.03) | 82.8(11.02) | <0.001 |
| Female, %(N) | 64.5% (64,997) | 67.0% (429,539) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, N(%) | |||
| – Non-Hispanic White | 83.9 % (84,623) | 89.8% (575,817) | <0.001 |
| – Non-Hispanic Black | 4.8 % (4,791) | 4.8% (30,466) | |
| – Hispanics | 9.5% (9,588) | 3.2% (20,390) | |
| – Others (including Asians and other non-Hispanic, non-white groups) | 1.8% (1,847) | 2.2% (14,404) | |
| Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility, %(N) | |||
| – Medicare Only | 66.9% (67,520) | 75.9 % (486,690) | <0.001 |
| – Full eligible | 2.3% (22,456) | 16.1% (103,079) | |
| – Partial eligible | 10.8% (10,873) | 8.0% (51,308) | |
| Medicare insurance type, %(N) | |||
| – Medicare fee-for-service | 76.3% (76,949) | 71.6% (458,931) | |
| – Medicare Advantage | 23.7% (23,900) | 28.4% (182,146) | |
| Body mass index, mean (S.D.) | 26.8 (5.53) | 26.5 (5.20) | <0.001 |
| Chronic conditions, %(N) | |||
| – Acute Myocardial Infarction | 9.3% (9,398) | 9.0% (57,424) | <0.001 |
| – Alzheimer’s Disease | 32.2% (32,433) | 30.9% (198,106) | <0.001 |
| – Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders | 64.7% (65,266) | 62.3% (399,481) | <0.001 |
| – Atrial Fibrillation | 30.2% (30,447) | 28.9% (185,471) | <0.001 |
| – Cataract | 74.4% (75,006) | 73.9% (473,971) | 0.003 |
| – Chronic Kidney Disease | 58.3% (58,803) | 52.7% (337,806) | <0.001 |
| – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 47.5% (47,919) | 40.9% (262,352) | <0.001 |
| – Heart Failure | 55.3% (55,784) | 50.3% (322,171) | <0.001 |
| – Diabetes | 52.4% (52,811) | 45.0% (288,304) | <0.001 |
| – Glaucoma | 30.2% (30,438) | 27.6% (176,963) | <0.001 |
| – Hip/Pelvic Fracture | 16.0% (16,108) | 15.9% (101,977) | 0.598 |
| – Ischemic Heart Disease | 70.4% (70,968) | 63.9% (409,855) | <0.001 |
| – Depression | 68.5% (69,121) | 63.0% (404,134) | <0.001 |
| – Osteoporosis | 40.0% (40,378) | 39.0% (250,187) | <0.001 |
| – Rheumatoid Arthritis/Osteoarthritis | 77.1% (77,720) | 72.8% (466,454) | <0.001 |
| – Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack | 33.5% (33,823) | 33.0% (211,255) | <0.001 |
| – Breast Cancer | 7.9% (8,008) | 7.9% (50,582) | 0.581 |
| – Colorectal Cancer | 4.4% (4,382) | 4.1% (26,490) | 0.002 |
| – Prostate Cancer | 5.9% (5,945) | 5.5% (35,057) | <0.001 |
| – Lung Cancer | 2.1% (2,078) | 1.9% (11,879) | <0.001 |
| – Endometrial Cancer | 1.5% (1,471) | 1.5% (9,277) | 0.776 |
| – Anemia | 81.1% (81,784) | 76.4% (489,727) | <0.001 |
| – Asthma | 22.3% (22,492) | 19.6% (125,451) | <0.001 |
| – Hyperlipidemia | 83.4% (84,074) | 80.3% (514,483) | <0.001 |
| – Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 22.5% (22,680) | 20.0% (128,395) | <0.001 |
| – Hypertension | 90.2% (90,973) | 86.9% (557,153) | <0.001 |
| – Acquired Hypothyroidism | 44.6% (45,014) | 41.5% (266,072) | <0.001 |
| Having present moderate to severe cognitive impairment, %(N) | 61.9% (62,463) | 62.5% (400,353) | 0.002 |
| Having present depressive symptoms, %(N) | 31.4% (31,685) | 29.2% (187,441) | <0.001 |
| Composite activities of daily living (ADL) limitation score, mean (S.D.) | 4.6 (1.69) | 4.7 (1.58) | <0.001 |
| Having present severe pain, %(N) | 20.7% (20,885) | 21.7% (139,366) | <0.001 |
| Having present unhealed pressure ulcer ≥ stage II, %(N) | 9.9% (9,979) | 5.6% (35,834) | <0.001 |
| Days of index home health admission (mean [median, Q1, Q3]) | 43.7 (37.6, 22.8, 50.6) | 42.0 (37.5, 22.5, 50.6) | <0.001 |
| Number of home health agencies per 1000 older adults age 65+ in the county of patient residence, mean (S.D.) | 0.3(0.27) | 0.2 (0.26) | <0.001 |
| Number of hospital beds per 1000 older adults age 65+ in the county of patient residence, mean (S.D.) | 15.5 (8.95) | 15.5 (10.22) | 0.979 |
| Number of skilled nursing facility beds per 1000 older adults age 65+ in the county of patient residence, mean (S.D.) | 29.6 (14.8) | 31.3 (14.8) | <0.001 |
| Social deprivation index | 49.5 (27.07) | 47.6 (26.53) | <0.001 |
*
p-value based on Chi Square (categorical variables) and T test (continuous variables) analyses