Table 3.

The coding scheme.

Name (code)	Push factors	Pull factors
Political factors	• Instable currency • Lack compliance (international standards) • Unstable regional government	• Regulatory approvals • Tax incentives • Corporate taxes • Finance availability • Ad hoc policy • Intellectual property (IP) rights • Supporting state economies • Less administration • European Union law • Stable currency
Technological factors		• Information Communication Technologies (ICT) competence • ICT infrastructure • Technological investment • Manufacturing automation • Digitalization of production • Amazon Effect (e.g., less air freight) • Daily delivery (time-to-market) • Industry 4.0
Local actors factors	• Lack of skilled workforce (host country) • IP risk protection • Change in supply chain network interactions • Loss of interaction with key customers • Low infrastructure quality • Lack of reliability of transportation • Language barrier • Different time zone • Long geographical distance • Loss of tacit knowledge (home country) • General risk of disruptive events	• Political stability • General economic environment • Market potential of the region • Easy access to financial markets • Hard-working skilled workforce • Involvement of local community • Local supplier network • High infrastructure quality • Cluster effect • Better logistics facilities • Made in • High quality of life • Patriotism • Environmental law • Reputation • Raw material • Global supply chain (GSC) restructuration • Supplier reliability

Source: Authors.