Table 2.
Association between symptoms and anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence test results, based on a univariate logistic regression model
| Questions on symptoms occurring between March 1, 2020 and 14 days before blood donation date | Answers | Number of individuals (%) | Unadjusted analysis | Age- and sex-adjusted analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibody-positive (n = 161) |
Negative controls (n = 162) |
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Sick, and presenting symptoms similar to those reported for COVID-19† | Yes | 60 (37.3) | 11 (6.8) | 8.4 | 4.2–16.7 | 7.9 | 3.9–15.8 |
| No | 98 (60.9) | 150 (92.6) | |||||
| Do not know | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) | |||||
| Fever (≥38°C) or sensation of fever/chills | Yes | 39 (24.2) | 3 (1.9) | 16.9 | 5.1–55.9 | 15.1 | 4.5–50.3 |
| No | 121 (75.2) | 157 (96.9) | |||||
| Do not know | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | |||||
| Weakness | Yes | 36 (22.4) | 6 (3.7) | 7.4 | 3.0–18.2 | 7.1 | 2.9–17.5 |
| No | 125 (77.6) | 155 (95.7) | |||||
| Do not know | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |||||
| Generalized pain (myalgia, arthralgia) | Yes | 23 (14.3) | 3 (1.9) | 8.9 | 2.6–30.3 | 8.4 | 2.4–28.8 |
| No | 136 (84.5) | 158 (97.5) | |||||
| Do not know | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | |||||
| Rhinorrhea | Yes | 28 (17.4) | 17 (10.5) | 1.82 | 0.95–3.5 | 1.76 | 0.92–3.4 |
| No | 131 (81.4) | 145 (89.5) | |||||
| Do not know | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Sore throat | Yes | 34 (21.1) | 13 (8.0) | 3.1 | 1.56–6.1 | 2.9 | 1.45–5.8 |
| No | 126 (78.3) | 149 (92.0) | |||||
| Do not know | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Cough | Yes | 28 (17.4) | 8 (4.9) | 4.1 | 1.81–9.3 | 4.2 | 1.81–9.5 |
| No | 131 (81.4) | 154 (95.1) | |||||
| Do not know | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Shortness of breath/difficulty breathing | Yes | 22 (13.7) | 3 (1.9) | 8.5 | 2.5–28.8 | 8.0 | 2.3–27.5 |
| No | 138 (85.7) | 159 (98.1) | |||||
| Do not know | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Loss or reduction in smell or taste sensation | Yes | 25 (15.5) | 1 (0.6) | 30.0 | 4.0–224.6 | 27.6 | 3.7–207.9 |
| No | 134 (83.2) | 161 (99.4) | |||||
| Do not know | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Diarrhea | Yes | 27 (16.8) | 9 (5.6) | 3.5 | 1.59-7.7 | 3.5 | 1.57–7.7 |
| No | 131 (81.4) | 153 (94.4) | |||||
| Do not know | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| At least one symptom‡ | Yes | 84 (52.2) | 31 (19.1) | 4.6 | 2.8–7.6 | 4.9 | 2.9–8.1 |
| No | 77 (47.8) | 131 (80.9) | |||||
| At least one symptom, excluding rhinorrhea | Yes | 80 (49.7) | 29 (17.9) | 4.5 | 2.7–7.5 | 4.6 | 2.8–7.8 |
| No | 81 (50.3) | 133 (82.1) | |||||
OR, odds ratio
†Individuals for whom symptom onset occurred after blood donation were classified in the “no” group
‡Symptoms confirmed following interview with a nurse