Table 8.
Spatial regression results
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dep. Var. = | COVID cases | COVID deaths | COVID case fatality rate |
| GDP per capita | 1.133*** (4.766) | 0.863*** (3.044) | − 0.010 (− 0.062) |
| Extreme poverty | 0.145* (1.873) | 0.012 (0.141) | − 0.125*** (− 2.615) |
| Population density | 0.210** (2.418) | − 0.002 (− 0.016) | − 0.205*** (− 3.675) |
| Population age 65 + | 0.651*** (6.385) | 0.893*** (8.255) | 0.280*** (4.555) |
| Medical resource index | − 0.348** (− 2.004) | − 0.486** (− 2.569) | − 0.108 (− 0.969) |
| UHC service coverage index | 0.538 (0.617) | 0.704 (0.665) | 0.647 (1.038) |
| Stringency index | 0.034*** (5.783) | 0.031*** (5.152) | − 0.002 (− 0.489) |
| Governance index | − 0.504** (− 2.391) | − 0.798*** (− 3.452) | − 0.351*** (− 2.628) |
| Trade | − 0.400 (− 1.433) | − 0.452 (− 1.514) | − 0.044 (− 0.253) |
| Air transport (passenger carried) | 0.041 (0.700) | 0.012 (0.206) | − 0.044 (− 1.259) |
| Mortality index (non-natural) | – | − 0.300 (− 1.032) | 0.039 (0.227) |
| Immunization index | – | 0.039 (0.254) | − 0.010 (− 0.107) |
| Shock | − 0.631* (− 1.600) | − 0.898** (− 2.149) | − 0.425* (− 1.726) |
| Constant | − 13.37*** (− 3.460) | − 16.64*** (− 3.506) | − 3.304 (− 1.185) |
| λ | 0.074** (2.434) | 0.106** (1.981) | − 0.262 (− 1.212) |
| ρ | 0.348** (2.402) | 0.466*** (3.439) | 0.490** (2.556) |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.698 | 0.709 | 0.310 |
| Observation | 147 | 144 | 144 |
z statistics in parentheses
*, ** and *** indicate significance at the 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively