532 nm ('Greenlight') laser vaporisation of the prostate	An operation performed through the urethra (the channel allowing urine from the urinary bladder to leave the body) for men who have problems passing urine because of a benign (non‐cancerous) enlargement of the prostate gland that surrounds the urethra. It utilises a specific type of laser absorbed by blood cells (Greenlight) to enlarge the urinary channel by melting away (vaporising) excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow.
Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO)	Blocking of the bladder outlet for urine flow due to non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.
Bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (B‐TUEP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises electrical energy delivered through an electrical circuit completed at the operation site (bipolar circuitry) to enlarge the urinary channel. It does this by removing as a whole (enucleating) the central part of the prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra (the adenoma, or benign tumour) to the urinary bladder. Another instrument (a morcellator) is then used to cut the adenoma into small pieces in the urinary bladder. The small pieces are then easily removed from the urinary bladder.
Bipolar transurethral vaporisation of the prostate (B‐TUVP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises electrical energy delivered through an electrical circuit completed at the operation site (bipolar circuitry) to enlarge the urinary channel by melting away (vaporising) excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow.
Bipolar TURP (B‐TURP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises electrical energy delivered through an electrical circuit completed at the operation site (bipolar circuitry) to enlarge the urinary channel by cutting into small pieces (resecting) excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow. The small pieces are then easily removed from the urinary bladder.
Biofeedback	A form of feedback using an external sensor that can be combined with pelvic floor muscle training as a way of enhancing the therapy.
Detrusor	A muscle found in the wall of the urinary bladder.
Detrusor overactivity (DO)	Involuntary sudden spasms of the muscle that surrounds the urinary bladder (detrusor) resulting in a sudden urge to urinate that may be followed by an involuntary loss of urine.
Diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises a specific type of laser absorbed by water (diode laser) to enlarge the urinary channel by removing as a whole (enucleating) the central part of the prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra (adenoma) to the urinary bladder. Another instrument (a morcellator) is then used to cut the adenoma into small pieces in the urinary bladder that are easily removed.
Electrical therapy	The use of electrical potential or electrical currents to encourage therapeutic responses.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises a specific type of laser absorbed by water (holmium laser) to enlarge the urinary channel by removing as a whole (enucleating) the central part of the prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra (adenoma) to the urinary bladder. Another instrument (a morcellator) is then used to cut the adenoma into small pieces in the urinary bladder that are easily removed.
Intracavitary electrical stimulation	Delivery of electrical stimuli through the anus.
Magnetic stimulation:	The use of a magnetic field to encourage therapeutic responses.
Micturition	Micturition, or urination, is the act of passing urine from the body
Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI)	Incontinence that occurs when a person has symptoms of both stress urinary incontinence and urgency urinary incontinence.
Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (M‐TURP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises electrical energy delivered through an electrical circuit that travels through the body to reach a skin pad (monopolar circuitry) to enlarge the urinary channel by cutting into small pieces (resecting) excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow. The small pieces are then easily removed from the urinary bladder.
Open prostatectomy (OP)	An operation performed through an incision (cutting) of the body for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The index finger of the surgeon is used to enlarge the urinary channel by removing as a whole (enucleate) the central part of the prostate tissue (the adenoma, or benign tumour) that is blocking the urethra.
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)	Training and exercises that include a correct contraction of the pelvic floor muscles into daily activities (e.g. lifting, getting out of bed).
Prostate enucleation methods	Methods that remove as a whole (enucleate) the central part of the prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra (adenoma).
Prostatic urethral lift (PUL)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises small permanent suture‐based implants to enlarge the urinary channel by pushing aside (encroaching) the excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow.
Radical prostatectomy (RP) surgery	An operation for men with prostate cancer that aims to remove the entire prostate gland.
Refractory SUI	Stress urinary incontinence that does not resolve or improve on its own.
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)	Incontinence that is caused by physical exertion (e.g. sneezing or coughing).
Thulium laser vaporesection of the prostate treatment (ThuVAPR)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises a specific type of laser absorbed by water (thulium laser) to enlarge the urinary channel by simultaneously cutting into small pieces (resecting) and melting away (vaporising) excess prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra and preventing urine flow. The small pieces are then easily removed from the urinary bladder.
Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises a specific type of laser absorbed by water (thulium laser) to enlarge the urinary channel by removing as a whole (enucleating) the central part of the prostate tissue that is blocking the urethra (adenoma) to the urinary bladder. Another instrument (a morcellator) is then used to cut the adenoma into small pieces in the urinary bladder that are easily removed.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation	Delivery of electrical stimuli through the skin using patches.
Transient urinary incontinence (UI)	Urinary incontinence that resolves or improves on its own.
Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)	An operation performed through the urethra for men who have problems passing urine because of non‐cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. It utilises electrical energy to open the bladder outlet by cutting (incising) it without prostatic tissue removal.
Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI)	Incontinence where a sudden urge to urinate is followed by an involuntary loss of urine.
Urodynamics	Procedures that look at how well the bladder, sphincters and urethra are storing and releasing urine. Most urodynamic tests focus on the bladder’s ability to hold urine and empty steadily and completely. Urodynamic tests can also show whether the bladder is having involuntary contractions that cause urine leakage.