Figure 3. Palmitate stimulates JMJD3 and proinflammatory cytokine expression in human monocytes.
A-B. Peripheral blood (30 mL) was collected from patients without diabetes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells underwent Ficoll separation. CD14+ monocytes were then positively selected by MACS and underwent ex vivo stimulation with BSA, palmitate (200 μM), or Laurate (50 μM) for 8 hrs. JMJD3, IL1b, and TNFa gene expression was measured by qPCR and normalized to 18S. (n =3 patients per group, data shown above is of a single representative experiment with experiment repeated two times with three technical replicates in each experiment). **p<0.01 by ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc. Data are presented as the mean±SEM.