Table 3.

Correlates of high COVID-19 stigma, n = 291

	OR, univariate analyses	p-value	aOR, multivariable analysis	p-value
Gender (Ref = M)
F	1.97 (1.21–3.20)	0.006	1.88 (1.10–3.20)	0.02
Age (Ref =  > 40)
18–25	3.62 (1.31–10.00)	0.01	2.02 (0.67–6.08)	0.21
26–40	1.54 (0.95–2.49)	0.08	1.21 (0.71–2.05)	0.49
Education level (Ref = no school)
Primary	0.70 (0.12–3.99	0.69
Some high school	0.81 (0.16–4.17)	0.80
Matric	1.14 (0.22–5.89)	0.87
Tertiary	1.57 (0.25–10.09)	0.63
Sources of information on COVID-19
Newspaper/news websites	0.65 (0.32–1.30)	0.22
Radio	0.63 (0.38–1.05)	0.07	0.66 (0.37–1.15)	0.14
Television	0.50 (0.27–0.91)	0.02	0.46 (0.24–0.90)	0.02
DOH/government website	0.78 (0.37–1.67)	0.53
Social media	0.89 (0.50–1.59)	0.70
Friends/family	0.63 (0.33–1.19)	0.15	0.58 (0.28–1.19)	0.14
Clinics	0.69 (0.33–1.45)	0.33
Other	1.77 (0.90–3.47)	0.10	1.59 (0.76–3.33)	0.22
Any economic concerns about COVID-19	0.88 (0.55–1.38)	0.57
Infection as a concern about COVID-19	0.80 (0.50–1.26)	0.33
Any other concerns about COVID-19	2.71 (1.58–4.66)	< 0.001	2.04 (1.14–3.66)	0.02
Number of HIV stigma items endorsed at baseline (Ref = 0)
1–6	1.44 (0.81–2.57)	0.22	1.31 (0.70–2.43)	0.40
> 6	2.56 (1.42–4.61)	0.002	2.09 (1.11–3.93)	0.02