Table 2.
Difference-in-difference in mean hemoglobin, inflammation-adjusted ferritin, and inflammation-adjusted RBP concentrations among children 12–23 months between intervention (Amuria) and non-intervention (Soroti) districts, Micronutrient Powder and IYCF Intervention Baseline Survey 2015 and Endline Survey 2016, Amuria and Soroti districts, Uganda 2015–161
| β (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin2, g/dL | ||
| Base Model | −0.74 (−1.29, −0.20) | 0.008 |
| Adjusted Model | −0.83 (−1.36, −0.30) | 0.003 |
| Serum ferritin3, μg/L | ||
| Base Model | 0.65 (−1.78, 3.08) | 0.6 |
| Adjusted Model | 1.53 (−0.70, 3.76) | 0.2 |
| Serum RBP 4, μmol/L | ||
| Base Model | −0.01 (−0.07, 0.05) | 0.7 |
| Adjusted Model | −0.007 (−0.07, 0.05) | 0.8 |
Unweighted sample sizes are 2782 (hemoglobin) and 2749 (ferritin and RBP). Base model estimates are the beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the interaction term specifying exposure to the MNP intervention controlling for: fixed effects of district (Amuria vs. Soroti), year (2016 vs. 2015), child sex, and child age group (12–17mo vs. 18–2mo). Adjusted models additionally control for household wealth tertile, caregiver schooling level (no formal or some primary education vs. other education level), improved water source, malaria (assessed by rapid test kit), and caregiver report of fever in the two weeks preceding the survey, and caregiver report of diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey. Confidence intervals account for weighting and complex sampling design.
Hemoglobin adjusted for altitude.
Biomarker was regression-adjusted to a pooled country reference to correct for inflammation, using CRP and AGP (12).
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: AGP, α-1 acid glycoprotein; CRP, C- reactive protein; MNP, micronutrient powder; RBP, retinol binding protein.