Table 3.
Multivariate analysis for survival in 454 patients with distal pancreatic adenocarcinoma
| Variable | Progression-free survival |
Overall survival |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Tumor size (every 1-cm increase) | 1.28 (1.04–1.58) | 0.02 | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | 0.26 |
| Diagnosis group (non-IPMN vs IPMN) | 2.47 (1.23–4.96) | 0.01 | 2.20 (1.19–4.07) | 0.01 |
| Differentiation | ||||
| Well | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate | 1.34 (0.59–3.07) | 0.49 | 1.25 (0.59–2.65) | 0.56 |
| Poor | 1.15 (0.48–2.80) | 0.75 | 1.60 (0.73–3.51) | 0.24 |
| T category | ||||
| T1 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| T2 | 0.99 (0.47–2.06) | 0.97 | 0.89 (0.45–1.76) | 0.73 |
| T3 | 0.63 (0.19–2.07) | 0.45 | 0.62 (0.21–1.81) | 0.38 |
| N category | ||||
| N0 | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| N1 | 2.12 (1.24–3.63) | 0.006 | 2.75 (1.59–4.73) | <0.001 |
| N2 | 2.04 (0.82–5.12) | 0.13 | 2.68 (1.21–5.95) | 0.015 |
| Lymphovascular invasion (small vessel) | 0.77 (0.43–1.38) | 0.39 | 0.83 (0.49–1.42) | 0.50 |
| Perineural invasion | 1.13 (0.61–2.09) | 0.69 | 1.13 (0.64–1.98) | 0.67 |
| Pathologic SA invasion | 1.13 (0.43–2.95) | 0.80 | – | – |
| Pathologic SV invasion | 1.98 (0.83–4.71) | 0.12 | 1.66 (0.88–3.15) | 0.12 |
| Splenic parenchymal invasion | 1.12 (0.32–3.92) | 0.86 | – | – |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 3.64 (1.41–9.38) | 0.007 | 0.49 (0.30–0.80) | 0.005 |
| Radiographic SA invasion | 4.07 (1.51–10.97) | 0.005 | – | – |
| Radiographic SV invasion | 0.37 (0.14–1.02) | 0.05 | 1.12 (0.70–1.80) | 0.64 |
IPMN, intraductal papillary mucosal neoplasms; SA, splenic artery; SV, splenic vein; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.