AMPK regulates autophagic flux in murine macrophage during inflammation. RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with vehicle, LPS, SS (3 mM), or CQ (50 μM) or cotreated as indicated in the figure for 24 hours. The extracted protein was analyzed for expression of (A) p-AMPKα1, AMPKα1, and LC3 and (B) p62, Beclin-1, and Atg-12. Data show representative blot of 3 independent experiments and bar graph represents mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, compared with untreated cells; #P < 0.05, compared with LPS-treated cells; $P < 0.05, compared with LPS- and SS-treated cells; γP < 0.05, compared with LPS- and CQ-treated cells; and &P < 0.05, compared with SS- and CQ-treated cells. The supernatants were collected to measure the expression of (C) IL-1β and (D) TNF-α. *P < 0.05, compared with untreated cells; #P < 0.05, compared with LPS-treated cells; and $P < 0.05, compared with LPS- and CQ-treated cells. SEM indicates standard error of the mean.