TABLE 2.
Summary of baseline clinical characteristics by LESI responders (>50% pain relief) vs. nonresponders that showed no differences between the two groups
| Baseline Measure | Responders (n = 17) |
Nonresponders (n = 31) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE) | 52 (3) | 49 (5) | 0.47 |
| BMI, mean (SE) | 29.5 (1.9) | 30.0 (1.5) | 0.800 |
| GATS total, mean (SE) | 8.6 (2.8) | 10.6 (2.0) | 0.06 |
| No. Patients (%) | No. Patients (%) | ||
| Sex | 0.24 | ||
| Male | 8 (47) | 14 (45) | |
| Female | 9 (53) | 17 (55) | |
| Race | 0.33 | ||
| Nonwhite | 2 (12) | 2 (6.5) | |
| White | 15 (88) | 29 (93.5) | |
| Education | 0.4 | ||
| High school | 0 (0) | 2 (6.5) | |
| >High school | 17 (100) | 29 (93.5) | |
| Employed | 0.2 | ||
| No | 9 (53) | 19 (61.3) | |
| Yes | 8 (47) | 12 (38.7) | |
| Previous physical therapy | 0.24 | ||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 23 (74.2) | |
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 8 (25.8) | |
| NSAIDs | 0.6 | ||
| No | 14 (82.4) | 26 (83.9) | |
| Yes | 3 (17.6) | 5 (16.1) | |
| Opioids | 0.73 | ||
| No | 13 (76.5) | 25 (80.6) | |
| Yes | 4 (23.5) | 6 (19.4) | |
| Neuropathic pain medications | 0.25 | ||
| No | 12 (70.6) | 27 (87.1) | |
| Yes | 5 (29.4) | 4 (12.9) | |
| Muscle relaxants | 0.64 | ||
| No | 16 (94) | 27 (87.1) | |
| Yes | 1 (6) | 4 (12.9) |
P values were obtained using independent-samples t test or Fisher’s exact test.
High school indicates some high school and high school graduate (or equivalent); >high school, some college or university, associate/bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, and doctorate/professional degree. NSAIDs reported included aspirin and ibuprofen. Opioids reported included hydrocodone-acetaminophen and oxymorphone. Neuropathic pain medications reported included amitriptyline, duloxetine, and gabapentin. Muscle relaxants reported included methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine, carisoprodol, and baclofen.
BMI indicates body mass index; GATS, Global Adult Tobacco Survey; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.