Appendix Table A2.

Mean and standard deviation of parameters for each land cover type used to calculate ecosystem services metrics. Canopy cover, impervious surface, species richness, and population density were calculated as the average among IDU polygons where a given land cover type was the majority land cover.

Parameter	Water	Developed Open Space	Developed	Barren	Deciduous Forest	Evergreen Forest	Mixed Forest	Grassland	Hay and Pasture	Agriculture	Woody Wetlands	Herbaceous Wetlands
Air Quality
Canopy Cover1 (%)	43.92	44.98	33.11	12.86	43.06	59	51.08	18.04	40.7	38.82	32.62	68.6
Std Dev	22.41	21.09	19.33	18.04	20.7	21.58	20.81	18.76	23.31	23.92	25.17	18.02
Food, Fuel, Fiber
Nitrogen Fixation11 (g N/m2/yr)	3.86	0.98	0.98†	0	6.06	0.54	2.91	1.83	17.92	11.86	0.85	8.73
StdDev	3	0.51	0.51†	0	3.57	0.35	3.6	3	5.87	7.56	0.46	5.53
Carbon Burial10 (g C/m2/yr)	103.3	91.75	98.5†	0	7.97	47.14	27.56	30.11	48.65	43.48	171.53	187.14
StdDev	61.63	29.9	29.9†	0	2.8	40.7	36.9	38.6	10.1	46.1	84.7	97.5
Impervious Surface1 (%)	4.74	12.38	30.87	23.82	8.09	7.1	7.65	26.46	8.45	9.19	5.79	5.36
StdDev	9.99	14.65	19.38	24.07	10.4	10.12	10.17	17.26	10.2	11.34	11.13	9.29
Evapotranspiration2	0.9	0.5	0.25	0.5	1	1	1	0.79	0.82	0.92	1.02	1.02
StdDev	0.21	0.11	0.16	0.21	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.15	0.11	0.21	0.19	0.19
Greenspace
Species Richness12	113.8	113.2	100.5	104.1	115.8	115.8	116.3	101.5	117.9	118.0	108.7	113.3
StdDev	22.4	23.4	25.6	29.2	20.6	21.5	20.4	31.4	20.8	20.8	22.5	23.3
Population Density13 (number/km2)	3	623	1658	1180	285	549	579	102	399	306	58	144
StdDev	39	1909	51068	290	1908	29390	23775	211	9200	4480	197	1677
Water Quality
Nutrient Export3 (kg/km2/yr)	0	325	1141	100	317	317	317	854	854	43300	435	435
StdDev	0	15	46	7	7	7	7	161	161	41500	135	135
Nutrient Retention4 (%)	0	0	0	0	90	90	90	90	90	50	90	90
StdDev	0	0	0	0	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48
Soil Erodibility5 (tons/km2)	0	99	99	22	160	160	160	240	10	160	180	180
StdDev	0	11	11	2	18	18	18	26	1	18	20	20
Management Factor6	0	0	0	0	0.076	0.076	0.076	0.050	0.050	0.186	0.067	0.067
StdDev	0	0	0	0	0.008	0.008	0.008	0.006	0.006	0.020	0.007	0.007
Practice Factor7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.5	0	0
StdDev	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.05	0.05	0	0
Sediment Retention4 (%)	0	0	0	0	90	90	90	90	90	50	90	90
StdDev	0	0	0	0	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48	5.48
Wash-off rate8 (mm/hr)	0	49.02	36.58	49.02	44.96	44.96	44.96	47.5	47.5	47.5	44.96	44.96
StdDev	0	30.99	43.94	30.99	20.57	20.57	20.57	26.67	26.67	26.67	20.57	20.57
Daily accumulation8 (billions/km2/day)	0	7.90	0.01	7.90	7.88	7.88	7.88	7.98	7.98	7.98	7.88	7.88
StdDev	0	11.12	0.01	11.12	11.14	11.14	11.14	11.07	11.07	11.07	11.14	11.14
Surface decay rate8 (per day)	0	0.295	0.41	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295	0.295
StdDev	0	0.261	0.22	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261	0.261
Water Quantity
Curve Number10	100†	35.95	58.35	94.99	25.42	26.59	23.69	37.75	41.73	59.07	100††	100††
StdDev	1.53	4.98	6.72	1.53	18.39	10.5	15.59	5.62	1.53	3.42	1.53	1.53

^1.NLCD 2011;

^2.Allen et al. 1998;

^3.Reckhow et al. 1980;

^4.Tallis et al. 2013;

^5.USDA & NRCS 2004; Stone and Hilborn 2012;

^6.Wischmeier and Smith, 1978;

^7.Stone and Hilborn 2012;

^8.Gregory & Frick 2000, Yagow et al. 2001, Paul et al. 2002, Moyer & Hyer 2003, Im et al. 2012;

^9.USDA and NRCS, 1986; USDA & NRCS 2004;

^10.Fulford et al. 2016;

^11.Augusto et al. 2005, Barber et al. 1976, Bell and Wright 1994, Boring et al. 1988, Bormann and Gordon 1984, Burns and Hardy 2012, Buresh et al. 1980, Busse 1999, Capone and Carpenter 1982, Casselman et al. 1981, Cleveland et al. 1999, Danso et al. 1992, DeLaune et al. 1986, Dierberg and Brezonik 1981, Dierberg and Scheinkman 1987, Galal et al. 2000, Giddens 1982, Grant and Binkley 1987, Gu et al. 2009, Hungate et al. 1999, Jensen 1986, Jorgensen 1975, Khanna 1998, Ley and D’Antonio 1998, Peoples and Baldock 2001, Permar and Fisher 1983, Rochester et al. 2001, Zahran 1999, Zuberer and Silver 1978;

^12.USGS Gap Analysis Program 2011;

^13.US Census 2010

^†Value is lawn rate, which was multiplied by (1-impervious surface)

^††Open water and wetland soils are assumed to be 100% saturated.