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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ecol Modell. 2020 Nov 14;440:109358. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109358

Table A4.

Directionality of covariances between ecosystem services indicators and social or economic services calculated from national indicator data (from Summers et al. 2016), used to adjust yearly values of economic and social services based on modelled changes in ecosystem services.

Air Quality Food/Fiber Greenspace Water Quality Water Quantity
Economic Services
Capital investment + + +
Consumption + + +
Employment + +
Finance
Innovation
Production
Re-distribution +
Social Services
Activism + + +
Communication
Community Initiatives +
Education +
Emergency Preparedness
Family Services
Healthcare +
Justice + +
Labor
Public works