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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ecol Modell. 2020 Nov 14;440:109358. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109358

Table 1.

Relationships between services indicators and domains of human well-being (EBFs), based on partial least squares regression models fitted to national indicator data (from Summers et al. 2016). Where interactions among variables were significant in fitted models, variable relationships might be either positive or negative depending on the magnitude of interacting variables.

Connection to Nature Cultural Fulfillment Education Health Leisure Time Living Standards Safety & Security Social Cohesion
Ecosystem Services
Air Quality + / − +
Food/Fiber/Fuel + + +
Greenspace + + + / −
Water Quality + + / −
Water Quantity + + / − + +
Economic Services
Capital Investment +
Consumption +
Employment +
Finance + + / −
Innovation + +
Production
Redistribution + + / −
Social Services
Activism + / − + + + / − +
Communication + / − + + +
Community Initiatives + / − + / − + + / − + + / −
Education + + +
Emergency Preparedness + +
Family Services + + +
Healthcare