Table 4.

Thrombin generation: TAT and F1 + 2

Reference	Study design	TBI type	Age category	Patients (n)	Antithrombotic treatment (n, %)	Hemostatic comorbidities	Sampling times	First sample	Results
Grenander [21]	RCT	Isolated TBI	Adults	28	0 (0%)	Excluded those with known bleeding or coagulation disorders	On admission and 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 h after injury	Mean 8.6 h after injury	Elevated TAT on admission that then decreased and reached reference levels 5 days after injury
Nekludov [41]	Prospective observational	Isolated severe TBI	Adults	11	0 (0%)	Excluded those with known coagulation disorders or alcohol abuse	On admission and 3 days after injury	15.4 ± 2.6 h after injury	Elevated TAT and F1 + 2 on admission that decreased and reached reference levels 24 h after injury
Sørensen [42]	Prospective observational	Isolated severe TBI	All ages	14	N/A	N/A	On admission and 1, 2, 3, 7 days after injury	N/A	Elevated TAT and F1 + 2 on admission that then decreased but remained elevated during time studied
Gando [43]	Prospective observational	Isolated TBI	Adults	5	0 (0%)	Excluded those with preexisting coagulation disorders	On admission and 1, 2, 3, 4 days after injury	N/A	Elevated TAT and F1 + 2 on admission that then decreased but remained elevated during time studied
Scherer [34]	Prospective observational	Isolated severe TBI	Adults	20	N/A	N/A	A and 3 h after admission	N/A	Elevated TAT and F1 + 2 on admission that then decreased but remained elevated during time studied

F1 + 2 = prothrombin fragment F1 + 2; h hours; TAT thrombin–antithrombin complex; TBI traumatic brain injury