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. 2021 May 17;11:10431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89770-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Serum Biomarker Signatures in Patients with Autoimmune Disease According to the Neutralizing Antibody Status After Planned Primary 17DD-YF Vaccination. (A) Kinetics of serum biomarker signatures at distinct time points after primary 17DD-YF vaccination of Autoimmune Disease patients categorized according to the PRNT status after primary 17DD-YF vaccination: AID/PRNT(−) (n = 32, D3–4 = light grey filled inverted triangle, D5–6 = grey filled inverted triangle, D7 = dark grey filled inverted triangle and D14–28 = black filled inverted triangle) and AID/PRNT(+) (n = 108, D3–4 = light grey filled triangle, D5–6 = grey filled triangle, D7 = dark grey filled triangle and D14–28 = black filled triangle). The results are expressed as the proportion of subjects with increased biomarker levels (baseline fold change values > 1). The results are expressed as the proportion of subjects with increased biomarker levels (baseline fold change values > 1). Data analysis was carried out considering the 50th percentile as the reference to identify the set of biomarkers with high proportion of subjects with levels above the global median cut-off along the kinetic timeline. Those biomarkers with proportion of subjects with levels above the global median cut-off were highlighted with gray scale rectangles. (B) Heatmaps were assembled for subgroups of Autoimmune Disease patients considering the PRNT status after vaccination [AID/PRNT(−), n = 32; AID/PRNT(+), n = 108] and according to the type of autoimmune disease [Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA, n = 38), Spondyloarthritis (SpA, n = 51), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE, n = 21) and Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS, n = 30)]. Data interpretation was carried out based on the color keys employed to underscore the baseline fold value = 1.0 as the reference for unaltered levels (black filled square), the baseline fold value < 1.0 for decreased levels (green filled square) and the baseline fold value > 1.0 for increased levels (red filled square), according to the paired sample collected at D0.