Table 4.

Association between serum iron, ferritin, TFR (per SD increment) and the presence of NAFLD or AHF.

	Cases/participants	Model 1 OR (95% CI)	P	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	P	Model 3 OR (95% CI)	P
NAFLD
Males
Serum iron	8808/18,031	0.86 (0.82–0.89)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.83–0.91)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.83–0.91)	< 0.001
Ferritin	2456/5044	1.46 (1.32–1.62)	< 0.001	1.45 (1.30–1.62)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.30–1.61)	< 0.001
TFR	926/1675	1.22 (0.98–1.52)	0.08	1.23 (0.97–1.56)	0.08	1.22 (0.95–1.56)	0.12
Females
Serum iron	7464/18,989	0.73 (0.69–0.76)	< 0.001	0.75 (0.72–0.78)	< 0.001	0.75 (0.71–0.78)	< 0.001
Ferritin	3908/11,006	1.34 (1.27–1.43)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.29–1.45)	< 0.001	1.36 (1.28–1.45)	< 0.001
TFR	2632/7419	1.38 (1.29–1.48)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.28–1.47)	< 0.001	1.40 (1.30–1.50)	< 0.001
AHF
Males
Serum iron	646/17,935	0.86 (0.77–0.95)	0.005	0.89 (0.79–0.99)	0.036	0.89 (0.79–1.00)	0.055
Ferritin	162/5031	1.00 (0.74–1.37)	0.99	1.00 (0.74–1.37)	0.99	0.97 (0.71–1.32)	0.84
TFR	110/1665	2.22 (1.46–3.40)	< 0.001	2.16 (1.46–3.21)	< 0.001	2.13 (1.39–3.24)	< 0.001
Females
Serum iron	640/18,913	0.82 (0.74–0.92)	< 0.001	0.87 (0.78–0.98)	0.023	0.87 (0.77–0.98)	0.025
Ferritin	196/10,963	1.05 (0.79–1.39)	0.75	1.04 (0.78–1.38)	0.81	1.01 (0.75–1.36)	0.94
TFR	134/7382	1.72 (1.39–2.12)	< 0.001	1.68 (1.35–2.09)	< 0.001	1.73 (1.37–2.17)	< 0.001

Model 1: age (years), race (Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, other race), marital status (married or cohabitation, widowed or separated, never married), education level (less than 12th grade, high school or equivalent, college graduate or above), family poverty income ratio; Model 2: model 1 + smoking status (never, ever, current), alcohol intake (drinkers/week), leisure activity (MET-min/day), total energy intake (kcal/day), healthy eating index-2015; Model 3: model 2 + lead (μg/dL), cadmium (nmol/L).

AHF advanced hepatic fibrosis, MET metabolic equivalent, NAFLD non-alcohol fatty liver disease, SD standard deviation, TFR transferrin receptor.