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. 2021 May 17;11:10416. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89978-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of sub-RPE basal laminar deposits. (a) RPE with typical basal infoldings in Efemp1^WT/WT:C5^+/+ mice. With age, control mice may show some regions where basal infoldings are disrupted or missing and small sub-RPE deposits are observed: (b) Efemp1^WT/WT:C5^+/+ (c) and Efemp1^WT/WT:C5^-/-. (d) Larger, more frequent sub-RPE deposits are observed in Efemp1^R345W/R345W, and (e) Efemp1^R345W/R345W:C5^-/- mice of the same age. Yellow lines mark the depth of the basal deposits. Scale bar = 500 nm. (f–g) Graphic representation of sub-RPE deposits measured as deposit area per mm length of retinal sections analyzed by TEM (average ± SD) in mice of all genotypes at 14–18 months of age. ND: nasal-dorsal, TV: temporal-ventral. (h) Violin plots represent the quantification of sub-RPE deposits in male vs. female Efemp1^R345W/R345W mice at 12 months as deposit area per mm of retinal section analyzed by TEM. Note that the means of cumulative areas for the deposits at 14–18 months (f–g) are substantially larger than at 12 months (g). This growth rate has been reported before. F: female, M: male. Statistical analysis by 2-way ANOVA. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, n.s. = non-significant. N = 9 Efemp1^WT/WT:C5^+/+ (WT), n = 6 Efemp1^R345W/R345W:C5^+/+ (KI), n = 8 Efemp1^R345W/R345W:C5^-/- (KIC5KO), n = 4 Efemp1^WT/WT:C5^-/- (C5KO).