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. 2021 May 17;12:2884. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23009-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Electric circuit with four ideal diodes that converts alternating current source (AC, left branch) to direct current (DC, lower branch). Red and blue lines highlight the path and direction of current at different phases in the AC cycle. b Sectional view of an analogous fluidic circuit with four Tesla diodes and a pulsatile flow source. The experimental device employs a reciprocating piston of amplitude A and frequency f as an AC source in one branch, and the DC flow is measured in a second branch. c Section-averaged flow imposed in the AC branch (top) and measured in the DC branch (bottom) for A = 1.9 cm and f = 4 Hz. The mean flow rate U_DC > 0 indicates successful AC-DC conversion or pumping. Inset: sample flow velocity profiles measured by PIV.