Table 3.
Linear Mixed Regression Results of Average RNFL Thickness.
| Variable | Average RNFL thickness Model 1a |
Average RNFL thickness Model 2b |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese American | Reference | Reference | ||
| Latinos | −1.45 (0.33) | <0.001 | −1.73 (0.32) | <0.001 |
| African Americans | −5.55 (0.35) | <0.001 | −5.39 (0.33) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| 50-59 years | Reference | Reference | ||
| 60-69 years | −2.8 (0.3) | <0.001 | −2.05 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| 70-79 years | −5.84 (0.48) | <0.001 | −4.91 (0.45) | <0.001 |
| 80+ years | −7.16 (1.24) | <0.001 | −5.94 (1.14) | <0.001 |
| Sex (Female vs Male) | 1.15 (0.29) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.27) | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (<25) | Reference | |||
| Overweight (25 - <30) | 0.22 (0.35) | 0.53 | ||
| Obese (≥30) | −0.09 (0.42) | 0.83 | ||
| Waist-Hip Ratio (per 1 unit) | −4.41 (2.01) | 0.03 | ||
| Ever Smokers (Yes vs. No) | 0.1 (0.34) | 0.77 | ||
| HDL (per 1 mg/dL | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.68 | ||
| LDL (per 1 mg/dL) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.09 | ||
| Hypertension (Yes vs. No) | −0.71 (0.32) | 0.03 | −0.62 (0.3) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes (Yes vs. No) | −0.95 (0.37) | 0.01 | −0.85 (0.35) | 0.02 |
| Axial Length (per 1 mm) | −1.24 (0.09) | <0.001 | −0.96 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| IOP (per 1 mmHg) | −0.08 (0.04) | 0.06 | ||
| Disc Area (per 1 mm2) | 4.54 (0.24) | <0.001 | 4.01 (0.23) | <0.001 |
| Signal strength of scan | 1.18 (0.07) | <0.001 | 1.06 (0.07) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein, LDL, low density lipoprotein; IOP, intraocular pressure
a
Model 1- Estimates for age, gender, and ethnicity were estimated from a model that included these three variables only. Effects for other variables were estimated with additional adjustment for age, gender, and ethnicity.
b
Model 2- Effects were estimated from a model that included all variables discovered in Model 1with P < 0.1 and used a backward stepwise exclusion of all variables with P > 0.05.