Table 10.
Algae-derived compounds inhibit viral release.
| Compound | Species classification | Species | Virus | Activity | Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KW Fucoidan | Phaeophyceae | Kjellmaniella crassifolia | IAV | Anti-neuraminidase |
In vitro (MDCK) In vivo (murine) |
[49] |
| Phlorotannins | Phaeophyceae | Ecklonia cava | IAV (H1N1, H3N2, H9N2) | Anti-neuraminidase | In vitro (MDCK) | [216] |
| Naviculan | Bacillariophyta | Navicula directa | HIV-1 | Anti-syncytia formation | In vitro (CD4-expressing HeLa) | [217] |
| Palmitic acid | Phaeophyceae | Sargassum fusiforme | HIV-1 | Anti-syncytia formation | In vitro (MΦs, PBL) | [155] |
| Cyanovirin-N | Cyanobacteria |
Nostoc ellipsosporum Unknown |
HIV-1 HIV-1 |
Anti-syncytia formation Anti-syncytia formation |
In vitro (CD4+ HeLa) In vitro (TZM-bl) |
[91] [218] |
| Microvirin | Cyanobacteria | Microcystis aeruginosa | HIV-1 | Anti-syncytia formation | In vitro (CD4+ T-cells) | [219] |
| Griffithsin | Rhodophyta | Griffithsia sp. | HIV-1 | Anti-syncytia formation | In vitro (CEM) | [220] |
| Ulvan | Chlorophyta | Ulva clathrata | NDV | Block F-protein cleavage, anti-syncytium formation | In vitro (Vero) | [134] |
| Allophycocyanin | Cyanobacteria | Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis | EV71 | Anti-apoptosis | In vitro (Vero, human rhabdomyosarcoma) | [160] |
| Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide | Phaeophyceae | Durvillaea antarctica | EV71 | Anti-apoptosis | In vitro (Vero) | [221] |