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. 2021 May 17;4:587. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02104-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Human iNs cultures with top: no astrocyte, middle: 33% rat astrocytes and bottom: 50% rat astrocytes added. b Rat cultures top: chronically cultured in 3 μM AraC, middle: control, bottom: +15% astrocyte added. Mean with standard deviation of normalized contraction for different conditions in c Human iNs + rat astrocyte cultures, d Rat cortical cell cultures, and e in silico culture. Normalization was done first, with respect to culture size on the day 0 and then with respect to c mean of 0% astrocyte culture, d mean of control, e mean of 0% astrocyte culture contraction. Three cultures were analyzed for each condition of each type of culture. Asterisks indicate results of two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). f Projection of brightest points of all the confocal z-stacks of Anti-NeuN staining of (from left to right) 1300, 800, 600, and 400 μm diameter rat cortical cell cultures. Dashed lines indicate confinement. g In silico simulation results for confinement diameter (from left to right) 1300, 800, 600, and 400 μm.